Effects of a Dietary Self-Management Program on Blood Pressure Among Adults with Prehypertension in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand
Keywords:
Prehypertension, Dietary self-management, Blood pressure, Hypertension prevention, Community healthAbstract
Prehypertension is a major risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, and effective lifestyle modification is essential to prevent disease progression. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a dietary self-management program on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among adults with prehypertension in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. A quasi-experimental study with a two-group repeated-measures design was conducted among 70 adults aged 35 - 59 years with prehypertension. Participants were assigned to either an experimental group (n = 35) or a control group (n = 35). The experimental group participated in a 12-week dietary self-management program based on the Kanfer and Gaelick-Buys self-management framework, which incorporated goal selection, self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement, while the control group received usual care. BP was assessed at baseline and at Weeks 4, 8, and 12. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA, mixed repeated-measures ANOVA, and independent-samples t-tests. The results showed significant reductions in both SBP and DBP in the experimental group over time (p < 0.001). Mixed repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant effects of time, group, and the time × group interaction on both SBP and DBP (all p < 0.001), indicating greater improvements in the experimental group compared with the control group. No significant differences in SBP or DBP were observed between groups at baseline; however, significant differences emerged at Weeks 4, 8, and 12 (all p < 0.001). By Week 12, mean SBP decreased from 128.86 ± 4.26 to 120.69 ± 3.76 mmHg, while mean DBP decreased from 81.46 ± 1.27 to 69.77 ± 2.21 mmHg in the experimental group. These findings suggest that the dietary self-management program is an effective approach for improving BP control among adults with prehypertension and may contribute to community-based strategies for preventing hypertension and reducing cardiovascular risk.
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